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Gwendolen M. Carter
Gwendolen Margaret Carter (1906–1991) was a Canadian-American political scientist. She was one of the founders of African Studies in the United States, past president of the African Studies Association and was among the most widely known scholars of African affairs in the twentieth century.
==Biography==
Carter was born in Hamilton, Ontario (Canada) in 1906. She contracted polio at home as a child, losing the use of her legs for life despite therapy and the care of her physician father.〔Carter, Gwendolen. 1991. Unpublished ''Autobiography of Gwendolen M. Carter.'' (typescript available online ).〕 She completed her B.A. degree in history at the University of Toronto in 1929 and received a second B.A. from the University of Oxford in 1931. At Oxford she served as ceremonial "Mayoress" for a day (her uncle was the Mayor at the time) and had a photograph taken as a memento (See image (at right )).〔(Autobiography, p.A9 )〕 She returned to her hometown to teach at McMaster University until 1935. Carter moved to the United States to undertake graduate study at Radcliffe College, where she completed both an M.A. (1936) and her Ph.D. (1938) in political science. Naturalized as an American citizen in 1948, she taught political science at Smith College from 1943 to 1964, holding the Sophia Smith chair there from 1961. She was at Northwestern University from 1964-1974 as Melville J. Herskovits Professor of African Affairs. In 1965 she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterC.pdf )〕 Carter later taught at Indiana University from 1974–1984 and at the University of Florida from 1984 until her retirement in 1987. Through many years of her professional life, she maintained personal correspondence with leading figures such as Julius Nyerere, Seretse Khama, Gatsha Buthelezi, Steve Biko and Helen Joseph.〔(Guide to the Gwendolen M. Carter Collection )〕 She was 84 years old when she died at her home in Orange City, Florida on February 20, 1991.〔Cook, Joan. 1991. () ("Gwendolen Carter, Writer and Scholar of Africa, Dies at 84." ) February 21. ''New York Times''.〕
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